Adjuvanted subunit intranasal vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 onward transmission in hamsters.

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Significance :

COVID-19 vaccines primarily focus on preventing severe disease and death but are less

effective at onward transmission. This study demonstrates that (1) an intranasal vaccine

can effectively block the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which is critical for controlling the

spread of the virus and achieving herd immunity and the donor and recipients of the

intranasal vaccine-boosted group had lower oral and lung viral loads (VL), which correlated

with mucosal ACE2 inhibition activity. (2) they found that compared to boosting with a

Moderna mRNA systemic vaccine, a nanoparticle intranasal COVID-19 vaccine much more

effectively prevents onward airborne transmission to naive recipient hamsters. The protection

was correlated with local mucosal antibodies.

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Importance of lipidology :

Many vaccine adjuvants are lipid-based, such as liposomes. The exploration of lipid-based

adjuvants in nanoparticle mRNA Vaccines, their interaction with the immune system, and

how mucosal immunity might be an important key player in preventing onward viral transmission.

It also provides a potential foundation for lipid-based approaches in vaccine design and delivery

systems.

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Connectivity to other fields :

This study identified/discovered Intranasal delivery systems that exemplify the potential of nasal

delivery systems and could be adapted for other diseases, including neurodegenerative

disorders and cancer therapies. Nanoparticles as adjuvants are the best this research aligns

with advancements in drug delivery systems for precise targeting.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38798555/